Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management

The Impact of Accounting Standards for Foreign Currency Transactions and Financial Statements Translation on Auditing Procedures: The Case of Iraq
Zainab Hadi Ali 1 * , Mounir Benaissa 2
More Detail
1 Doctor, Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
2 OASIS laboratory, ISGI, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
* Corresponding Author
Research Article

Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 2023 - Volume 8 Issue 4, Article No: 23124
https://doi.org/10.55267/iadt.07.14009

Published Online: 25 Oct 2023

Views: 332 | Downloads: 259

How to cite this article
APA 6th edition
In-text citation: (Ali & Benaissa, 2023)
Reference: Ali, Z. H., & Benaissa, M. (2023). The Impact of Accounting Standards for Foreign Currency Transactions and Financial Statements Translation on Auditing Procedures: The Case of Iraq. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 8(4), 23124. https://doi.org/10.55267/iadt.07.14009
Vancouver
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Ali ZH, Benaissa M. The Impact of Accounting Standards for Foreign Currency Transactions and Financial Statements Translation on Auditing Procedures: The Case of Iraq. J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG. 2023;8(4):23124. https://doi.org/10.55267/iadt.07.14009
AMA 10th edition
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Ali ZH, Benaissa M. The Impact of Accounting Standards for Foreign Currency Transactions and Financial Statements Translation on Auditing Procedures: The Case of Iraq. J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG. 2023;8(4), 23124. https://doi.org/10.55267/iadt.07.14009
Chicago
In-text citation: (Ali and Benaissa, 2023)
Reference: Ali, Zainab Hadi, and Mounir Benaissa. "The Impact of Accounting Standards for Foreign Currency Transactions and Financial Statements Translation on Auditing Procedures: The Case of Iraq". Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 2023 8 no. 4 (2023): 23124. https://doi.org/10.55267/iadt.07.14009
Harvard
In-text citation: (Ali and Benaissa, 2023)
Reference: Ali, Z. H., and Benaissa, M. (2023). The Impact of Accounting Standards for Foreign Currency Transactions and Financial Statements Translation on Auditing Procedures: The Case of Iraq. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 8(4), 23124. https://doi.org/10.55267/iadt.07.14009
MLA
In-text citation: (Ali and Benaissa, 2023)
Reference: Ali, Zainab Hadi et al. "The Impact of Accounting Standards for Foreign Currency Transactions and Financial Statements Translation on Auditing Procedures: The Case of Iraq". Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, vol. 8, no. 4, 2023, 23124. https://doi.org/10.55267/iadt.07.14009
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to convey the notion of auditing, its relevance, and the report's function in strengthening the recipients' trust. It also tries to study accounting rules for foreign currency transactions and interpret and unify financial statements for overseas entities. The research aims to study and analyze accounting for foreign transactions and the translation of financial statements in public sector corporations, the research sample, and compare these accounting treatments with those that should be included in the relevant accounting standards. The objective meaning of the word auditing is based on the fact that auditing is a search for the truth since this is the core of the auditing process. Auditing is fundamental to all operations, and its presence dates back to antiquity and the first civilizations. This study aims to shed light on the concept of foreign transactions, the translation of financial statements, the presentation and discussion of problems arising from them, the accounting standards for accounting for transactions in foreign currency, the translation and consolidation of financial statements for foreign units, their impact on auditing operations and what is reflected in the auditors' report. In addition to investigating the reality of accounting for transactions in foreign currency and translating the financial statements of public firms, the sample research also examines the validity of accounting for transactions in foreign currency. The findings indicate that the financial statements of the public sector enterprises comprising the study sample do not fairly represent their work and financial status outcomes.
KEYWORDS
REFERENCES
  • Abad, A. V., & Dodds, P. E. (2020). Green hydrogen characterisation initiatives: Definitions, standards, guarantees of origin, and challenges. Energy Policy, 138, 111300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111300
  • Abdillah, M. R., Mardijuwono, A. W., & Habiburrochman, H. (2019). The effect of company characteristics and auditor characteristics to audit report lag. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 4(1), 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-05-2019-0042
  • Abdullatif, M., & Al‐Khadash, H. A. (2010). Putting audit approaches in context: The case of business risk audits in Jordan. International Journal of Auditing, 14(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-1123.2009.00400.x
  • Aizenman, J., Ito, H., & Pasricha, G. K. (2022). Central bank swap arrangements in the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of International Money and Finance, 122, 102555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2021.102555
  • Al Janabi, M. A. M. (2020). Commodity Markets’ Asset Allocation with Robust Liquidity Risk Management Optimization Parameters. In S. Goutte & K. Guesmi (Eds.), Risk Factors And Contagion In Commodity Markets And Stocks Markets (pp. 197-235). World Scientific. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811210242_0008
  • Almagtome, A. H., Khaghaany, M., & Önce, S. (2020). Corporate governance quality, stakeholders’ pressure, and sustainable development: An integrated approach. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 5(6), 1077-1090. https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2020.5.6.082
  • Almagtome, A. H., Al-Yasiri, A. J., Ali, R. S., Kadhim, H. L., & Heider, N. B. (2020). Circular economy initiatives through energy accounting and sustainable energy performance under integrated reporting framework. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 5(6), 1032-1045. https://doi.org/10.33889/IJMEMS.2020.5.6.079
  • Álvarez-Díez, S., Alfaro-Cid, E., & Fernández-Blanco, M. O. (2016). Hedging foreign exchange rate risk: Multi-currency diversification. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 25(1), 2-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redee.2015.11.003
  • Alzoubi, R. H. M., & Jaaffar, A. H. (2020). Leadership styles, crisis management, and hotel performance: A conceptual perspective of the Jordanian hotel industry. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(10), 556-562. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.10.110
  • Bernoth, K., & Herwartz, H. (2021). Exchange rates, foreign currency exposure and sovereign risk. Journal of International Money and Finance, 117, 102454.
  • Byerlee, D., Jayne, T. S., & Myers, R. J. (2006). Managing food price risks and instability in a liberalizing market environment: Overview and policy options. Food Policy, 31(4), 275-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.02.002
  • Carpenter, V. L., & Feroz, E. H. (2001). Institutional theory and accounting rule choice: an analysis of four US state governments' decisions to adopt generally accepted accounting principles. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 26(7-8), 565-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(00)00038-6
  • Chacón, L. P., Coy, J. L., & Alcalá, P. R. (2022). International Economic Integration: Challenges and opportunities for emerging economies. Editorial Digital Tecnológico de Monterrey.
  • Church, B. K., Davis, S. M., & McCracken, S. A. (2008). The auditor's reporting model: A literature overview and research synthesis. Accounting Horizons, 22(1), 69-90. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2008.22.1.69
  • ÇİFTCİ, H. N. (2020). Application And Reporting Of Hedge Accounting In Banking Sector Of Turkey-2018. Academic Review of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 13(2), 306-312. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.654045
  • Dimitrijevic, D., Milovanovic, V., & Stancic, V. (2015). The role of a company’s internal control system in fraud prevention. Financial Internet Quarterly, 11(3), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0117
  • Durocher, S., & Fortin, A. (2021). Financial statement users’ institutional logic. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 40(2), 106819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2021.106819
  • Emms, M., Arief, B., Freitas, L., Hannon, J., & van Moorsel, A. (2014). Harvesting high value foreign currency transactions from EMV contactless credit cards without the PIN. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 716-726). New York, NY, United States: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2660267.2660312
  • Fakhfakh, M. (2013). The readability of standardised reports by the International Federation of Accountants. Journal of Commerce and Accounting Research, 2(1), 10-28. Retrieved from http://www.publishingindia.com/GetBrochure.aspx?query=UERGQnJvY2h1cmVzfC8xNDcyLnBkZnwvMTQ3Mi5wZGY=
  • Fantacci, L., & Gobbi, L. (2021). Stablecoins, central bank digital currencies and US dollar hegemony: The geopolitical stake of innovations in money and payments. Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium. https://doi.org/10.1515/ael-2020-0053
  • Grant, R. M., & Visconti, M. (2006). The strategic background to corporate accounting scandals. Long range planning, 39(4), 361-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2006.09.003
  • Hakimovna, U. M., & Muhammedrisaevna, T. M. s. (2022). The role of banking and accounting in the development of small business and entrepreneurship. International journal of social science & interdisciplinary research, 11(27), 136-143. Retrieved from http://www.gejournal.net/index.php/IJSSIR/article/view/281
  • Hamdani, R., Rahimah, I., & Hafiz, M. S. (2020). Exploring the professionalism and dysfunctional behavior of public accountants on audit quality. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9, 9-19. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/2386936624?pq-origsite=summon&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals
  • Hegazy, M. A. A., & Salama, S. (2022). Effects of qualitative factors and auditors’ personal characteristics on materiality judgments. Managerial Auditing Journal, 37(3), 305-335. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-08-2019-2379
  • Hines, R. D. (1991). The FASB's conceptual framework, financial accounting and the maintenance of the social world. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 16(4), 313-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(91)90025-A
  • Hope, O. K. (2003). Disclosure practices, enforcement of accounting standards, and analysts' forecast accuracy: An international study. Journal of accounting research, 41(2), 235-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.00102
  • Humphrey, C., Sonnerfeldt, A., Komori, N., & Curtis, E. (2021). Audit and the pursuit of dynamic repair. European Accounting Review, 30(3), 445-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2021.1919539
  • Hutahayan, B. (2020). The mediating role of human capital and management accounting information system in the relationship between innovation strategy and internal process performance and the impact on corporate financial performance. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 27(4), 1289-1318. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-02-2018-0034
  • Khaghaany, M., Kbelah, S., & Almagtome, A. H. (2019). Value relevance of sustainability reporting under an accounting information system: Evidence from the tourism industry. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8, 1-12. Retrieved from https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_16_special_edition_cut_2019_iraq.pdf
  • Landsman, W. R. (2007). Is fair value accounting information relevant and reliable? Evidence from capital market research. Accounting and business research, 37(sup1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2007.9730081
  • Lascoumes, P., & Le Galès, P. (2007). Introduction: Understanding public policy through its instruments—From the nature of instruments to the sociology of public policy instrumentation. Governance, 20(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00342.x
  • Manzella, P. (2012). Accounting practices in the US and Europe: Law and linguistic issues in an international context. Current Issues of Business & Law, 7(2), 300-320. https://doi.org/10.5200/1822-9530.2012.19
  • Mejía Acosta, A. (2013). The impact and effectiveness of accountability and transparency initiatives: The governance of natural resources. Development Policy Review, 31, s89-s105. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12021
  • Muhammad, M. Z., Char, A. K., bin Yasoa, M. R., & Hassan, Z. (2010). Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) competing in the global business environment: A case of Malaysia. International Business Research, 3(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v3n1p66
  • Mursyidatunnajwa, M., Kee, D. M. H., Hamizah, L., Matsushita, H., Suzuki, K., Singh, R., & Jauhari, N. (2020). A Study of Individual, Group and Organizational Mechanism: A Case of AEON Hypermarket in Malaysia. Journal of The Community Development in Asia, 3(2), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v3i2.811
  • Mutula, S. M., & Van Brakel, P. (2006). An evaluation of e-readiness assessment tools with respect to information access: Towards an integrated information rich tool. International Journal of Information Management, 26(3), 212-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2006.02.004
  • Panasyuk, V., Kuzina, R., Moroz, J., Babich, I., Melnychuk, I., & Chyzhyshyn, O. (2020). Accounting of exchange rate differences on transactions with foreign currency loans. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 11(5), 391-398. Retrieved from https://sdbindex.com/Entry/both/1206
  • Petricevic, O., & Teece, D. J. (2019). The structural reshaping of globalization: Implications for strategic sectors, profiting from innovation, and the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, 50, 1487-1512. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00269-x
  • Rezaee, Z., Elam, R., & Sharbatoghlie, A. (2001). Continuous auditing: the audit of the future. Managerial Auditing Journal, 16(3), 150-158. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900110385605
  • Sahlin-Andersson, K., & Engwall, L. (2002). The expansion of management knowledge: Carriers, flows, and sources. Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/3556642
  • Salehi, M., Rostami, V., & Mogadam, A. (2010). Usefulness of accounting information system in emerging economy: Empirical evidence of Iran. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(2), 186-195. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v2n2p186
  • Saunders, A., & Wilson, B. K. (2020). Should Bank Dividends Be Regulated? What Is the Long-Term Historical Evidence?. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3740258
  • Selim, M. (2021). The effects of eliminating Riba in foreign currency transactions by introducing global FinTech network. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 14(3), 506-523. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2020-0035
  • Sumaryati, A., Novitasari, E. P., & Machmuddah, Z. (2020). Accounting information system, internal control system, human resource competency and quality of local government financial statements in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), 7(10), 795-802. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.795
  • Tian, W., & Xiang, G. (2018). Reflection and operationalization of the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities principle in the transparency framework under the international climate change regime. Advances in Climate Change Research, 9(4), 253-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2018.12.004
  • Xiao, T., Geng, C., & Yuan, C. (2020). How audit effort affects audit quality: An audit process and audit output perspective. China Journal of Accounting Research, 13(1), 109-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2020.02.002
LICENSE
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.