Layered wise Security Challenges and Solution for IoT Architecture

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming industries such as healthcare, smart cities, and industrial automation by enabling seamless device interconnectivity. However, its heterogeneous and resource-constrained nature introduces critical security challenges, including impersonation attacks, malicious node injection, denial-of-service attacks, and data breaches. Existing security mechanisms often fail to address these evolving threats due to IoT’s dynamic environment. This paper presents a systematic review of security vulnerabilities in the layered IoT architecture (perception, network, and application layers) and explores lightweight, scalable security solutions such as blockchain authentication, AI-driven anomaly detection, and quantum-resistant cryptography. Unlike prior studies that focus on isolated threats or generic security frameworks, this research provides a structured, layer-wise security assessment and proposes practical mitigation strategies tailored to real-world IoT applications. The findings emphasize the need for energy-efficient, adaptive security frameworks to ensure confidentiality, integrity, availability, and privacy. This study serves as a foundation for future research in autonomous and scalable IoT security mechanisms, bridging the gap between theoretical security models and practical implementation.