Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Mangrove Cover, Shoreline Dynamics, and Land Surface Temperature Changes in Qatar

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between mangrove cover changes, shoreline dynamics, and urban development from 2014 to 2022 in a designated coastal area. Utilizing satellite imagery and GIS analysis, the research maps and quantifies shifts in mangrove distribution and shoreline erosion and accretion patterns. Additionally, changes in Land Surface Temperature (LST) are analyzed to understand their correlation with mangrove health and urbanization trends. Ground-truthing is conducted through strategically chosen sample points, some located within mangrove ecosystems and others along the urbanized shoreline, to assess environmental impacts accurately. The research reveals a notable increase in mangrove cover, rising from 4.9 km² to 12.9 km², highlighting the effectiveness of conservation efforts. In contrast, urban land expanded dramatically from 140 km² to 396 km², presenting significant environmental challenges. Analysis of LST showed a maximum decrease from 54°C in 2014 to 45°C in 2022, suggesting potential cooling effects linked to increased mangrove cover. Correlation analyses indicated a weak positive relationship between LST and the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) and a negligible relationship with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). These findings underscore the need for sustainable urban planning that prioritizes ecological integrity while accommodating rapid urban development. Further research is essential to explore these dynamics and inform effective environmental policies.