Association of Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperuricemia, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among the Elderly in Kelating Village: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

The prevalence of metabolic diseases, including hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is increasing among the elderly. Various risk factors, such as diet, lifestyle, and aging, contribute to these conditions. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence and association of hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, and T2DM among the elderly in Kelating Village, Bali. A total of 31 participants aged ≥60 years were included through purposive sampling. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose, uric acid, and total cholesterol levels. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to evaluate statistical associations. The study found no significant associations between hypercholesterolemia and gender, age, or blood pressure (p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant relationships were observed between hyperuricemia and these variables. However, a significant association was found between fasting blood glucose levels and gender (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the need for further investigation into metabolic disorders among the elderly and targeted interventions to manage these conditions effectively.