Systematic Literature Review on VPN Security: Adaptive Multi-Tunnelling as a Mitigation Strategy

Abstract

In recent years, virtual private network provides a private and secure network architecture for individuals and organizations by using with the support from Internet. VPN helps in safe data transmissions without the need for dedicated physical connections, allowing to creation of a secure communicational channel between remote users, sites, and corporate offices. The proposed research focused on exploring a systematic literature review on VPN security concerning adaptive multi-tunnelling as a mitigation strategy. The systematic review adopted PRISMA framework to minimizing bias and ensuring the transparency of the survey. The survey used various databases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Scopus were used to collect the research articles published from 2018 to 2025. The keywords used "corporate cybersecurity”, "adaptive security mechanisms,” "multi-tunneling VPN,” and “VPN security”.11 articles were included for final inclusion of the research. The major themes identified in the research are multi-tunnel architecture and deployment models, traffic splitting and load balancing mechanisms encryption and key management strategies and network adaptation and dynamic routing. The implementation of traditional VPN security was enhanced with adaptive multi-tunneling. The major issues associated with VPN, such as mitigation, scalability, and resilience, were addressed by the adaptive multi-tunneling technique. The adoption of adaptive multi-tunneling in VPN security gained a significant advantage in mitigating vulnerabilities and optimizing performance in mobile networks. Potency, latency, and computational overhead were considered major disadvantages in implementing adaptive multi-tunneling in VPN security.