Security Services in Russia (1802 – 1837)

Abstract

The security structures of the Russian Empire emerged at the end of the 19th century. The mayors' councils and their regional branches were replaced by the offices of police chiefs and city governors. From 1766 to 1871, the police in Russian cities were commanded by police chiefs and police chiefs. The lowest police rank was the city guard. Since 1882, the position was no longer elective. The governors appointed police officers. The main task of police officers was the faithful fulfillment by all residents of the county of their duty, the protection of public safety, and control over the correct and speedy processing of cases. The counties were divided into camps commanded by bailiffs. County police officers often inspected them and supervised the execution of cases of particular importance. They brought dissatisfied bailiffs to obedience and pursued (thieves, robbers, fugitives, and tax collection). Police officers monitored the health of roads, supervised the health of erected buildings, controlled tax collection, forestry, and field guards. The law obliged police officers to (educate the rural population about their duties and merits, encourage them to hard work, highlight the benefits of spreading and improving agriculture, crafts, and trade, and especially the maintenance of good morals and order). Usually, there were three or four camps in the county, divided into volumes. According to the instructions, the officers had The police had many responsibilities. The bailiffs supervised all executive, investigative, judicial, economic, and administrative affairs in their camp. The lower-ranking police officers of the district police and the officers of the ten were to assist the police officer. The bailiff was the local executor of government orders and the direct guardian of public safety, peace, and order in the country. He stopped all kinds of quarrels, fighting, riots, and disorder. He observed that no prohibited acts and actions were prohibited. He reported all emergency situations to the authorities. The police exercised general, temporary, and life supervision over many subjects of the empire. The superintendent did not have the right to change their place of residence. In 1802, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire was established, which included all police structures. From 1812, the Russian Emperor ruled the country with the assistance of the Privy Chancellery of His Imperial Majesty, which consisted of six branches. The Third Department and the separate gendarmerie division, which became the most powerful investigative and political investigation bodies since 1880, and the police administration and security departments operated in the most professional and efficient manner. The activities of the security services depend in everything on the will of the king. In the 19th century, the ministerial century of the Russian Empire, it was terrible, stupid, and of course completely unprofessional. The Tsars of Moscow did not like the general laws and regulations that were valid throughout the state. They constantly violated the law with their separate decrees. The Tsars viewed the general laws not as rules that should be applied always/everywhere, but as approximate models for their decisions and the implementation of their autocratic will.