Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Green Cloud Computing: A Review

Abstract

The rapid growth of cloud computing has revolutionized how businesses and individuals access and utilize computing resources. However, this growth has also led to significant environmental challenges, primarily due to the substantial energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with cloud data centres. In response, green cloud computing has emerged as a critical field of study aimed at mitigating the environmental impact of cloud technologies through the adoption of sustainable practices and innovative solutions. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of green cloud computing, exploring key technologies, strategies, and methodologies designed to enhance energy efficiency and reduce carbon footprints in cloud environments. We begin by discussing the fundamental concepts of green computing and its relevance to cloud services. We then review various approaches to improving energy efficiency, including advanced cooling techniques, energy-efficient hardware, and intelligent resource management. The paper also highlights recent advancements in green cloud technologies, such as renewable energy integration, carbon footprint measurement, and green software development. Additionally, we address the challenges and limitations faced by current green cloud practices and propose potential future research directions. By synthesizing the latest developments and identifying critical gaps, this review aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers striving to advance sustainable cloud computing solutions.