Modified Mother Optimization Based Online K-Means Clustering and Routing Protocol In MANET

Abstract

The term Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) refers to a multi-hop wireless networking system that uses mobile nodes with limited resources due to factors such as battery life, memory, and processing power. The routing in MANETs differs from traditional broadcasting networks in that the nodes act as both routers and end machines. As a result of the nodes' resource limitations, the routing protocols for MANETs must be lightweight and assume a reliable environment. This paper presents a Modified Mother Optimization based Online K-Means Clustering and Routing Protocol (MMO-OKMC) for optimal routing in MANET. The clustering is proceeding with Online K-Means Clustering (OKMC) for generating node clusters. For load balancing and dynamic clustering, this clustering is utilized. Created for processing data in real-time, this clustering is ideal for MANETs because it can adapt quickly to changes in the network environment, such as signal deterioration, enabling effective data transmission, mobility, and interference. In the process, the delivery ratio is improved and the overall communication overhead is decreased. Upon reaching optimal routing procedures, the MMOA comes into play. Several fitness functions are considered in this proposed method, including residual energy, node degree, and distance to the Mobile Sink (MS). The proposed method is implemented in NS2, and performance is evaluated by performance measures of energy consumption, end-to-end delay, throughput, average delay, loss ratio, and packet delivery ratio. The proposed method is compared with the conventional routing process.