Undermining Humanitarian Space in Conflict Epicenters: The Gaza Strip from the 2006 Blockade to Post-October 2023 War

Abstract

            This paper examines the multiple challenges facing humanitarian operations and the erosion of humanitarian space in the Gaza Strip, which have been exacerbated by the escalation of hostilities since the outbreak of the October 2023 war. The study aims to highlight the underlying causes of humanitarian work stagnation in Gaza, the restrictions impacting aid delivery, and the key factors obstructing the outcomes of humanitarian interventions within a comprehensive analytical framework. The research integrates existing literature, reports from humanitarian organizations, and official statements concerning access restrictions, security risks, the politicization of aid, and relevant legal frameworks. The paper underscores that the effectiveness of humanitarian action in Gaza faces substantial challenges due to political complexities, security threats, the politicization of aid, and the overall collapse of infrastructure and essential services. Additionally, the blockade imposed on the Strip since 2006 has further constrained humanitarian space, limiting aid access while threatening both the neutrality and effectiveness of humanitarian efforts. The paper emphasizes the urgent need to remove barriers hindering humanitarian aid delivery, enhance security arrangements for field workers, clarify the concept of humanitarian space, and leverage international legal frameworks. It also advocates for sustained support to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) and the development of effective reconstruction mechanisms to promote stability and resilience in the region. The study concludes by stressing the necessity of a coordinated international response to address the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and ensure the continuity of humanitarian aid. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of aligning global efforts to alleviate humanitarian suffering and guarantee the sustainable provision of humanitarian operations in the region.