Distributed and Hierarchical Clustering in Wireless Camera Sensor Networks leading to Internet of Things

Abstract

The Wireless Sensor Industry is crucial for modern applications like military navigation, home automation, and agricultural security. The effective estab-lishment and operation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) hinge on maxim-izing efficiency, network longevity, and minimizing power consumption while ensuring reliability. Researchers focus on optimizing these aspects to enhance WSN performance. This study explores various strategies for improving power consumption, energy efficiency, and network lifespan in WSNs. It emphasizes distributed and hierarchical clustering methods for their scalability, stability, ef-ficiency, and cost-effectiveness. The performance analysis of different non-meta clustering schemes considers metrics such as alive nodes, dead nodes, and throughput over time. Starting with an overview of WSNs, the paper ad-dresses design issues across different network types, including camera-based and ad-hoc networks, and compares clustering techniques. The conclusion advocates for cooperative communication and integrating clustering schemes to advance Wireless Camera Sensor Networks (WCSNs) for Internet of Things (IoT) ap-plications, ensuring efficient power management, extended lifespan, and bal-anced load distribution, thereby enhancing IoT deployments.