Study of Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Irrigation Water in the Northern Region of the Governorate of Laghouat, Algeria

Abstract

This study evaluated the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of irrigation water from seven wells in northern Laghouat province: Aflou, Gueltat Sidi Saad, Ain Sidi Ali, Hadj Mechri, Oued Morra, El Ghicha, and Brida. Results showed that most wells are suitable for agricultural use, with moderately alkaline pH and low turbidity. However, high salinity and electrical conductivity were recorded in Aflou and El Ghicha, which could affect sensitive crops. Major ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻) varied but generally remained within acceptable limits. Microbiological analyses indicated sporadic coliform presence, while Clostridium sulfito-reducers were detected only in Oued Morra, signaling potential fecal contamination. Overall, irrigation water quality is acceptable, though attention is needed for areas with high salinity or microbial contamination. The study highlights the importance of regular monitoring, proper water management, and farmer awareness to ensure sustainable and safe irrigation practices in arid regions.