Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles in India: Evaluating Environmental Benefits and Hidden Costs

Abstract

In India, the quick uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) has been hailed as a means of attaining sustainable transportation, cutting air pollution, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions.  A life cycle assessment (LCA) method, on the other hand, identifies both obvious environmental benefits and unstated expenses throughout the stages of manufacturing, use, and disposal.  With an emphasis on battery production, energy sources for power generation, and end-of-life management, this report offers a critical assessment of the EV life cycle in India.  Results show that although EVs significantly lower tailpipe emissions when compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) cars, the energy mix and recycling infrastructure have a significant impact on how environmentally friendly they are overall.  Recommendations and policy implications for the implementation of sustainable EVs are also covered.