Intelligent Hybrid Thermal Management System for Enhanced Electric Vehicle Battery Performance

Abstract

 A multi-tier cooling system has been proposed for the high-performance electric vehicle (EV) battery packs to enhance thermal regulation and improve battery efficiency. The Li-ion batteries, which have mostly been used in electric vehicles (EVs), feature high energy density and a favourable power-to-weight ratio. These features, along with their capacity retention through numerous charge cycles, make them suitable for electric mobility. However, their performance optimizes between a temperature range of 20°C to 25°C. In case of excess heat, especially at high rates of discharging, it can derange their life cycle and range. A three-stage cooling strategy has also been put into practice. In the first stage, air cooling has been performed at the time of moderate heat ranges. If the elevated temperature is to last, a system powered by high power air cooling with a coolant and a pump is turned on to enhance the cooling of the battery. In the third stage, TEGs are deployed in order to keep the temperature of the battery above 25°C. All phases of this thermal management system control and command using intelligent control algorithms and microcontroller-based hardware and make real-time adaptations to temperature changes. All extreme thermal fluctuations are thus minimized, contributing to extended battery life, enhanced safety, and the promotion of more sustainable EV technologies.