Identifying the Utilization of Big Data in Urban Governance through Thematic Review

Abstract

The availability of large-scale data (Big Data) presents strategic opportunities to enhance urban governance that is adaptive, efficient, and evidence-based. However, its implementation still faces various challenges, such as data heterogeneity, limited digital infrastructure, privacy risks, and human resource competency gaps. This study aims to identify current research directions, key challenges, and develop a conceptual framework for the utilization of Big Data in urban management. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach and the PRISMA protocol, 30 scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 were thematically analyzed. The study findings indicate that Big Data integration in urban governance remains sectoral and has not yet been fully standardized. As the main contribution, this study proposes a conceptual framework based on three key dimensions data, risk, and human resources that interact within an adaptive governance system. These findings may serve as an evaluative foundation for developing more inclusive and sustainable smart city policies. Future research is recommended to test this framework through empirical studies across cities in developing countries.