Hydroponics: Innovative Sustainable Technologies for Tomato Cultivation

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a globally significant vegetable, plays a crucial role in diets and economies. However, traditional soil-based cultivation methods are challenged by water scarcity, soil degradation, and climatic variability. Hydroponics, a soilless farming technique, offers an efficient and sustainable solution. This paper evaluates various hydroponic methods for tomato cultivation, highlighting advancements in nutrient management, environmental control, and adaptive technologies. Comparative analyzes demonstrate that adaptive hydroponic systems enhance yield (12 kg/m²), water efficiency 50 L/kg), and nutrient utilization (95%),  compared to traditional methods. Technological integrations like AI, IoT, and nanotechnology further optimize tomato production, making hydroponics a promising method for sustainable agriculture.